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101.
介绍了用Visual Basic提供的串行通讯控件,通过编程实现了PC机与应用单片机触发电路的直流传动系统的通信。 相似文献
102.
The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective. 相似文献
103.
During the past two decades with farmer participation in irrigation management moving to center stage, the traditional view of having a centralized control over the water resources for better management has changed. Nevertheless, success of irrigation management transfer depend on a whole set of institutional arrangements or the rules-in-use and the willingness of the users to comply and enforce and/or change the rules in the light of changing circumstances. There are many institutional analyses of water sector, much of them touch on law, policy and administration, and characteristics of the users. The present paper is based on the study carried out to examine the institutional arrangements in one of the water users association that was first in the Maharashtra state. It focuses on the institutional arrangements governing water use and distribution and attempts to elicit the perceptions of the members regarding the rules-in-use. The findings reveal that the WUA has been successful in devising and enforcing the rules for water distribution, fee collection and conflict resolution for over a decade. However, current socio-economic developments such as political heterogeneity have required explicit conflict resolution mechanisms. These issues have now become issues demanding immediate attention and may be use of existing courts or legal institutions to help the WUA sustain in future. 相似文献
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The Turkish program of irrigationmanagement transfer has gained worldwidecelebrity for its speed and effectiveness. This paper describes the program brieflyand assesses its effectiveness from anational perspective. The assessmentincludes changes in staffing levels,operational costs, service fee levels, andcost recovery from farmers. A companionpaper examines impacts at the local leveland looks specifically at changes in systemperformance. 相似文献
106.
应用准稳态传热传质理论,在考虑水蒸气扩散对传热作用情况下,分别建立了奶牛初乳在真空冷冻干燥中多孔干燥层有效导热系数,冻结层导热系数和水蒸气扩散系数的测试模型,利用在冻干机上测取的试验数据,回归得到初乳的传热系数与水蒸气扩散系数,分析了压力与系数间的关系,结果表明,在10Pa~120Pa范围内,干燥层有效导热系数随压力增大而增加,尤其在10Pa~60Pa范围内更为明显,而水蒸气扩散系数随压力的改变变 相似文献
107.
依据传热的基本原理,提出了分析干燥系统室体结构传热特性的特征参数新概念,实现了干燥室隔热体传热系数的非稳态测量,并可同时确定蓄热当量系数。在建立室体传热非稳态分析理论的基础上,提出了相应的试验分析方法,并进行了理论分析及试验验证。 相似文献
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为研究低温对生态浮床水质净化效果的影响,引入陶粒作为浮床的基质,构筑了美人蕉-陶粒基质组合式生态浮床系统,研究在低温条件下其对微污染水体水质净化的效果特性。结果表明,在进水温度为0.5~15℃,进水DO浓度为4.94~6.65mg/L,水体交换时间为7d下,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的平均去除率为36.30%、77.37%、50.34%、52.56%、16.89%和70.99%。当水体的温度低于5.0℃,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的去除效果均有所下降。 相似文献